Maths Year 5/6 Autumn Multiplication and Division

Day 1 Teaching
Remind Y5 how to use the grid method to multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers, and how to round to approximate answers.
Further Teaching with Y6
Write 5 × 2326, 4 × 3943, 6 × 2082 and ask children to estimate which will have the largest answer. Model estimating and also short multiplication; draw comparisons.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Y5 -- Whole year group investigation: work in groups to find the 3-digit × 1-digit multiplication with the biggest and smallest answers.
Y6 -- Move from using the grid method to short multiplication, using ‘friendly’ digits. Investigate arranging the digits in a multiplication to give the largest answer, then the smallest.

Day 2 Teaching
Teach Y5 short multiplication (3-digit × 1-digit), comparing with grid multiplication. Show Y6 examples, 4-digit by 1-digit. Tell Y5 this is the same method, just with more digits.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 -- Multiply using short multiplication. Identify ranges of multiples of 100 for multiplications and say which multiple of 100 will be nearer.
Y6 -- Write multiplications with answers in given ranges. Estimate which multiplications will give the smallest and largest answers and use short multiplication to find exact answers.

Day 3 Teaching
Use short multiplication to estimate how many drinks and meals might be consumed in a year.
Further Teaching with Y6
Use short multiplication to find the cost of three presents (4-digit prices).
Group Activities: T with Y6
Use the in-depth problem-solving investigation for this unit ‘Excellent eights’ as today’s group activity.
Or, use these activities:
Y5 -- Use the grid method and short multiplication to multiply 3-digit by 1-digit numbers.
Y6 -- Estimate and calculate the exact cost of buying 3 items (3-digit prices). Some children will calculate target spends between £50 and £100.

Day 4 Teaching
Model using the grid method to multiply 2-digit numbers by teens numbers, then by numbers between 20 and 30, stressing what is being calculated on each row.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 -- Partition rectangles to find areas, link to the grid method. Multiply 2-digit numbers by 24 using the grid method.
Y6 -- Multiplication investigation swapping 1s digits of 2-digit numbers.

Day 5 Teaching
Consolidate setting out the grid method to multiply pairs of 2-digit numbers. Discuss which will have largest/smallest answer.
Further Teaching with Y6
Discuss and show how to use the grid method to calculate 17 × 234 and 27 × 234. Children then find 43 × 345.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Y5 -- Create multiplications of 2-digit numbers with answers in given ranges.
Y6 -- Use the digits 3, 4 and 5 in any order to make a 3-digit number and multiply it by 16, then 26. Create multiplications with a target answer of 15,000.

• Mini-whiteboards and pens
• Digit cards
• Flipchart and pens
• ‘Multiplying 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers’ (see resources)
• ‘Multiplying 4-digit by 1-digit numbers’ (see resources)
• ‘Oscar’s online gifts’ (see resources)
• ‘Written multiplication practice’ (see resources)
• ‘Greta’s online gifts’ (see resources)
• cm2 paper

Day 1
6, 60, 7 and 70 times tables

Day 2
Times tables

Day 3
Find the time later using the 24-hour clock

Day 4
Multiply by 20

Day 5
Multiply pairs of multiples of 10, and 10s by 100s.

Day 1
Y5: Multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (grid method).
Y6: Multiply 3-digit numbers then 4-digit by 1-digit numbers (short multiplication).

Day 2
Y5: Multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (short or grid multiplication).
Y6: Short multiplication.

Day 3
Y5: Multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (short multiplication).
Y6: Use short multiplication to multiply amounts of money.

Day 4
Y5: Multiply 2-digit numbers by numbers between 10 and 30 using the grid method.
Y6: Multiply pairs of 2-digit numbers together using the grid method.

Day 5
Y5: Multiply pairs of 2-digit numbers together using the grid method.
Y6: Multiply 3-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers using the grid method.

Y5

• Find the product of 274 and 6 using two different methods. Do your answers agree?
• Explain how you can calculate 235 × 4 mentally. Now check your answer using short multiplication.
• Fill in the missing digits:

• Write a multiplication of one 3-digit number by 6 where the last two digits of the product are consecutive (e.g. 5, 6).

Y6

• Maya says that 2578 × 4 gives the same product as 8 × 1289. Is she correct? Demonstrate why/why not. Multiply 1386 by 9. Write the product. Add the same number (1386) to the product. What do you notice?Repeat with 2547 × 9, adding 2547 to the product. Explain what happens. Could you use this to make finding the product easier?
• Write the missing digits in this multiplication:
  3 6 ☐ 2 × 8 = ☐ 9 ☐ 3 6

In-depth investigation: Excellent Eights
Children explore patterns when multiplying numbers with consecutive digits by 8.

Y5: Grid Luck
Using the grid method to multiply 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.

Y6: Greatest Grid Gurus
Using the grid method to multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.

Day 1 Teaching
Perform divisions mentally within tables using fractions and decimal equivalences for remainders, then an example beyond tables.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 – Play division game. Some children will create divisions having answers with given remainders.
Y6 -- Choose a number to divide by the number on a dice. Score points for each way the answer is expressed.

Day 2 Teaching
Use number facts and place value to answer 54 ÷ 6, 540 ÷ 6, 36 ÷ 9, 360 ÷ 9. Write and share 240 ÷ ? number sentences, e.g. 240 ÷ 8 = 30.
Further Teaching with Y6
Progress to write answers to divisions with remainders, e.g. 541 ÷ 6, 542 ÷ 6, 543 ÷ 6, 544 ÷ 6, 545 ÷ 6 and 546 ÷ 6.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Use the in-depth problem-solving investigation for this unit ‘Remainder rally as today’s group activity.
Or, use these activities:
Y5 -- Create divisions using given numbers, known multiplication
facts and place value.
Y6 -- Create divisions with remainders using given numbers, known multiplication facts and place value.

• ‘1–100 grids’ (see resources)
• Mini-whiteboards and pens
• Flipchart and pens
• Blank dice and pen

Day 1
Times tables

Day 2
Multiply 10s or 100s by 1-digit numbers

Day 1
Y5: Calculate mental division, writing answers with remainders as mixed numbers, as decimals and as money.
Y6: Calculate mental division, writing answers with remainders as mixed numbers, as decimals and as money.

Day 2
Y5: Answer divisions using known multiplication facts and place value (no remainders).
Y6: Answer divisions using known multiplication facts and place value (with and without remainders).

Y5

• Correct Paola’s work. She has made the same mistake twice. Explain what the mistake is. Show the correct calculations (see download).
• Look at the remainders in each of these divisions. Compare the remainder with the divisor.
  a) 56 ÷ 3
  b) 75 ÷ 4
  c) 94 ÷ 5
• Can you write a division where you divide by 6 and the remainder is 5?
• Find the missing numbers:
  420 ÷  = 70
  80 = ÷ 7
  490 ÷ 7 = 

Y6

• Write four division word problems leading to these answers:
  17 r3
  17.75m
  173/4
  €17.75

In-depth investigation: Remainder Rally
Children explore patterns of remainders when dividing by numbers 3 to 6.

Y5 and Y6: Left Overs
Dividing by 3, 4, 5 and 10 to give remainders

Day 1 Teaching
Write 23 × 10 and 23 × 5 and show how we can use the former to solve the latter. Repeat for 23 × 20 and 23 × 19. Model 23 × 6 as 23 × 3 doubled. Discuss strategies for 23 × 8 and 123 × 8 by repeated doubling.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5/Y6 -- Explore mental methods based on doubling and halving to multiply by 5, 20, 6, 4 and 8.

Day 2 Teaching
Use 240 ÷ 10 to find 240 ÷ 5 and 240 ÷ 20. Use 270 ÷ 3 to find 270 ÷ 6. Use repeated halving to divide by 4 and 8.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Use the in-depth problem-solving investigation for this unit ‘Get to the root’ as today’s group activity.
Or, use these activities:
Y5 -- Explore mental methods to divide by 5, 20 and 4. Some children will also divide by 6 and 8.
Y6 -- Explore mental methods to divide by 5, 20, 6, 4 and 8. Some children will divide 3-digit numbers by 5, 20 and 8 to give answers with decimal places.

Day 3 Teaching
Show a table of dimensions of scale models of dinosaurs. Each model is 1/20 of the actual height and length. Ask how we can calculate full size. Repeat for a shop that is selling toy dinosaurs where each measurement is 1/200 of the size of the real dinosaurs.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 -- Calculate the heights of children and classroom furniture if heights are scaled up by a factor of 5. Some children will work with a factor of 8 and will scale widths by a factor of 4.
Y6 -- Scale down dimensions of dinosaurs by factors of 10 or 100 to sketch on paper. Look at relative sizes.

Day 4 Teaching
Describe how much a blue whale eats and the rates of growth of a calf. Define ‘rate’. Calculate the growth in one week.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Y5 -- Calculate how long different creatures take to eat their body weight in food. Calculate a rate for tasks, and how many of these tasks could be performed in a school day at the same rate.
Y6 -- Solve and create problems involving rates in the natural world.

• Number cards 1–9
• Flipchart and pens
• ‘Scaling up’ (see resources)
• ‘Dimensions for dinosaur toys’ (see resources)
• A3 paper
• ‘Dinosaur measurements’ (see resources)
• Tape measure or trundle wheel to measure the length of the classroom
• Stopwatch
• Internet access
• Solve problems involving rate’ (see resources)

Day 1
Double 2-digit numbers

Day 2
Double and halve 3-digit numbers

Day 3
Multiplication and division facts

Day 4
Place value counting

Day 1
Y5: Using mental strategies to multiply by 5, 20, 6, 4 and 8 (mostly 2-digit numbers).
Y6: Using mental strategies to multiply by 5, 20, 6, 4 and 8 (mostly 3-digit numbers).

Day 2
Y5/Y6: Using mental strategies to divide by 5, 20, 6, 4 and 8.

Day 3
Y5/Y6: Solve scaling problems about dinosaurs

Day 4
Y5/Y6: Solve problems involving rate

Y5

• Mr Jones’ rectangular garden measures 5m by 8m. His neighbour Mr Payne says, ‘My garden is twice as wide and double the length of your garden, so yours is half the size of mine.’ Do you agree with Mr Payne?
• Alfie’s uncle drinks chocolate milk at a rate of 3 pints a day. How much milk does he drink in a week? In 5 weeks? In 20 weeks?

Y6

• Solve these calculations using mental strategies:
  (i) 234 × 5
  (ii) 450 × 20
  (iii) 1270 ÷ 8
  (iv) 253 × 6
  (v) 732 ÷ 5
  Explain which you found tricky and why.
• A doll's house is made so that all the furniture is 1/20 size of actual real furniture. Write the dimensions of these items in the doll's house:
  -- Bed (actual size 2.4m by 1.2m)
  -- Sofa (actual size 1.8m by 120cm)
  -- Wardrobe (actual size 2.4m by 1.8m by 60cm)
• Alfie’s uncle drinks chocolate milk at a rate of 17 pints a week! How much milk does he drink in 5 weeks? In 20 weeks?

In-depth Investigation: Get to the Root
Children use their fluency in mental multiplication to explore the patterns of digital roots in multiplication.

Y5: Mammoth Multiplication
Using known times tables and place value to multiply, e.g. 4 × 3, 4 × 30, 4 × 300.

Y6: Factors and Multiples Game
Use this game where players take turns to cross out numbers, at each stage choosing a number that is a factor or multiple of the number just crossed out by the other player: Factors and Multiples Game from nrich.maths.org.

Day 1 Teaching
Demonstrate how to use both chunking on the empty number line and vertical layout to calculate 196 ÷ 6. Repeat with 113 ÷ 3, asking children to make an estimate first.
Further Teaching with Y6
Model using short division (3-digit and 4-digit) giving fractional answers, simplifying where possible.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Y5 -- Estimate the answer for divisions between two multiples of 10. Use both empty number line and vertical layout for chunking.
Y6 -- Choose 3-digit numbers to divide by 4, 6 and 8, so as to give a mixed number answer. Some children will work with 4-digit numbers and divide by 5, 4, 6, 8 and 12.

Day 2 Teaching
Children first estimate answers to different divisions. Then write 148 ÷ 3, 148 ÷ 4, 148 ÷ 5, 246 ÷ 5, 246 ÷ 6, 246 ÷ 8. Which of these could you calculate mentally? How?
Further Teaching with Y6
Show how we can write fraction parts of answers, e.g. ½ or ¾, and as decimals, e.g. 23¾ as 23.75. Model with 4-digit numbers divided using short division.
Group Activities: T with Y6
Use the in-depth problem-solving investigation for this unit ‘Remainders rule!’ as today’s group activity.
Or, use these activities:
Y5 -- Spot divisions with the same answer, and write others with the same answer. Identify divisions that can be done mentally; explain how.
Y6 -- Choose amounts of money between £100 and £1000 (whole number of pounds) to divide by 4, to give answers which are not whole numbers of pounds. Some children will work with amounts between £1000 and £5000 and divide by 4 and 5.

Day 3 Teaching
Children discuss what calculation is needed to solve a given word problem. Model vertical layout and short division. Decide whether to round up or down. Repeat with a new problem.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 -- Use sketching to help visualise contexts for short division; decide whether to round up or down to solve division problems.
Y6 -- Use base 10 equipment to support short division, and then decide where to round up or down to solve division problems. Use multiplication to check division.

Day 4 Teaching
Display some given word problems, one at a time. Agree the calculation for each, solve it; discuss whether the answer needs to be rounded up or down OR the answer needs to be exact with a fraction or decimal part.
Group Activities: T with Y5
Y5 -- Discuss whether problems will need the answer rounding up, rounding down or leaving as is.
Y6 -- Discuss whether problems will need the answer rounding up, rounding down or leaving as is. Some children will solve division problems, and then make up division word problems for given answers.

• Mini-whiteboards and pens
• Sticky notes
• PowerPoint resources 1 and 2 (see resources)
• Flipchart and pens
• ‘Division’ sheets 1 and 2 (see resources)
• Calculators
• ‘Rounding up and down’ Sheet 1 (see resources)
• ‘Rounding up or down’ Sheet 2 (see resources)
• Base 10 equipment
• ‘Division word problems’ sheets 1, 2 and 3 (see resources)

Day 1
Mental division

Day 2
Multiplication and division facts

Day 3
Elapsed time

Day 4
Place 5-digit numbers on a human number line

Day 1
Y5: Division practice (vertical layout)
Y6: Use short division to divide 3- or 4-digit numbers by a single digit.

Day 2
Y5: Practise using the vertical layout to divide numbers, spotting the occasional division that can be worked out mentally.
Y6: Divide 3-digit or 4-digit numbers to give answers with fractions. Rewrite each as a decimal using equivalence.

Day 3
Y5/Y6: Divide, then round up or down to solve the problem

Day 4
Y5/Y6: Division word problems

Y5

• Explain how each of these three divisions can be solved mentally:
  250 ÷ 5 =
  180 ÷ 6 =
  210 ÷ 3 =
  So, now explain how you would complete these three:
  255 ÷ 5 =
  186 ÷ 6 =
  213 ÷ 3 =
• Divide 456 by 8 using just 2 hops along a number line. Show the same division using vertical layout.
• Use vertical layout to find the answer to 234 ÷ 6 and say why it is possibly less straightforward than 244 ÷ 6.
• Write a division of a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number where the remainder is 5.

Y6

• Divide 3666 by 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 and write exact answers with a fraction part as necessary.
• Write the missing numbers in this division.
  6 ☐ 0 7 ÷ 6 = 1 1 3 4 . ☐
• Write a division of one 3-digit number by 6 where the answer contains the fraction 1/6. Write a similar division where the answer contains the fraction 5/6.

In-depth Investigation: Remainders Rule!
Children find numbers between 100 and 200 that will give a remainder when divided by numbers 2 to 9.

Y5
Chunking Challenge
Using chunking to divide, answers between 10 and 20, no remainders.

and

Leftovers
Using chunking to divide, answers between 10 and 20, with remainders.

Y6
Chunky Jumps
Using chunking to divide (answers less than 60).

and

Toffee Apples
Using chunking to divide (answers less than 60); round up or down to answer word problems.